Friday, December 30, 2016

Causes and Treatments of Bad breath in Children






Bad breath, medically known as halitosis, is a condition that even healthy children can sometimes experience. If you've noticed that your little one's breath is not so pleasant, there is hope. When it comes to bad breath in children, most of the time improper oral hygiene is the culprit.


What Causes Bad Breath?

There are a number of factors that could contribute to bad breath. Here are some of the most common causes:
  • Poor oral hygiene. If your child doesn't brush and floss his teeth frequently, bad breath can result. If plaque is not brushed away, it can irritate the gums, causing additional issues. The tongue can also harbor bacteria that produce foul odors and bad breath, so make sure your child is brushing his tongue as well.
  • Dry mouth. Saliva helps to cleanse the mouth. When your child's mouth is producing less saliva than normal, xerostomia may occur, which contributes to bad breath.
  • Mouth breathing. When a child breathes through his mouth (due to a stuffy nose or as a sleep habit), it prevents saliva from washing away bacteria, which promotes bad breath.
  • Bacteria on the Tongue. Most odor causing bacteria reside on the tongue. If you don't brush your tongue with a Colgate® 360 Toothbrush, odor causing bacteria will accumulate and cause bad breath.
  • Infections in the mouth. Bad breath can also come about as a result of cavities, plaque buildup, mouth sores, or oral surgery.
  • A foreign object. Sometimes a baby or toddler will place a foreign object (tiny toys, food particles, etc.) in his or her nose. A foreign object lodged in the nose can cause bad breath in children.
  • Certain foods. If your child consumes foods that have a strong odor, like garlic, onions or specific spices, it can impact the freshness of his breath.
  • Medications. Sometimes, the way medication breaks down in the body can lead to bad breath. This process releases chemicals that may result in bad breath.
  • An illness or condition. If your child is suffering from allergies, a sinus infection, tonsillitis or another condition, bad breath can occur.


How to Avoid Bad Breath
Healthy teeth are integral to a child's overall health and well being. You can help your child avoid bad breath by developing an oral care routine.
  • Have your child brush twice a day with an ADA accepted fluoride toothpaste to promote fresh breath. Always remember to supervise young children so they do not swallow the toothpaste.
  • When your child brushes his teeth, make sure he also cleans his tongue, as bacteria can collect and grow on the tongue.
  • Floss daily in order to remove odor causing food particles from the teeth.
  • Remember to get a new toothbrush every few months, because dull bristles cannot effectively remove plaque and debris from the teeth.
  • Avoid halitosis and other oral health concerns by scheduling regular checkups and professional cleanings with a dentist.
Chronic Bad Breath in Children
Most of the time, your child's bad breath will go away once you implement better oral hygiene. However, some children may experience chronic bad breath. If a dentist determines that your child's mouth is healthy, you may be referred to a primary care physician for additional tests to diagnose the underlying cause of the halitosis.
Regardless of the cause of bad breath, teaching children how to form good dental care habits at an early age can be vital in terms of their oral health as adults.


Source: [ Colgate Oral Care Centre ]


Thursday, December 29, 2016

Boko Haram fighters surrender to authorities in Southern Niger




Dozens of Boko Haram fighters have given themselves up to authorities in southern Niger, the interior minister said, days after the Islamist group suffered key losses over the border in Nigeria.
"Thirty-one young people from Diffa, who were enrolled a few years ago in Boko Haram, decided to surrender," minister Mohamed Bazoum wrote on Twitter on Tuesday, above pictures of him touring the area near Nigeria's northeast border.
The fighters arrived in the remote desert town of Diffa in groups and were being held by local authorities.
"I learned that the first who surrendered were not arrested, and I surrendered," a former Boko Haram combatant told national television.
"We expect a pardon from the government so that we can participate in the development of the country and help us get rid of the trauma."




In June, tens of thousands of people fled Diffa as Boko Haram swept the region. Five Niger soldiers were killed by the militants near Diffa in September.
In a statement carried later on national television, Bazoum said the government would welcome the former fighters "with open arms", adding: "All those who have parents who are with Boko Haram can tell them to return. Boko Haram is now weak."
Boko Haram has killed 15,000 people and displaced more than 2 million during a seven-year insurgency aimed at creating an Islamic state in Nigeria. In recent years its attacks have spilled into neighboring Niger, Cameroon and Chad.
Hundreds of Boko Haram fighters surrendered in Chad in October and November as the group ceded territory.
The group controlled an area about the size of Belgium in early 2015 but has since been pushed back by international forces including troops from Niger. Nigeria's army captured its last enclave in the vast Sambisa forest on Friday, President Muhammadu Buhari said on Saturday. 


Source: [ Reuters ]


Wednesday, December 28, 2016

Star Prize for Miss FACE OF AGRICULTURE 2017 unveiled by Team Goldmine




A new innovation in the hospitality industry; beauty pageantry has been introduced.

Unlike in the past whereby participation was mostly in areas that had to do with beauty parades, IQ checks and presentations, Helping Hands International (H2i), a Non-Governmental Organisation has set the ball rolling by involving participants to be prepared to get involved in agriculture which is a serious business that can bring out the country from the present recession.



Making this known in Kaduna, Benevolence Michael, Team Leader of H2i disclosed that history has shown that countries that have experienced drought and famine saved themselves through the rejuvenation of its agricultural sector.

Benevolence Michael made this assertion during the official unveiling ceremony of the 1st Prize; a Hyundai Creta i x 25 SUV Jeep which would be presented to the winner of the forthcoming Maiden Edition of “Face of Goldmine Agriculture Pageant 2017”, in Kaduna.



According to the Team Leader, H2i (Helping Hands International; Touching Lives, Empowering People), the decision to bring agriculture into pageantry, is because “Agriculture is an important sector which many of our youths are running away from as it is viewed as a profession for only the elderly ones in the villages”.

“We discovered that the youth of today only embrace entertainment. And, the way to get their attention is to incorporate entertainment into agriculture. With such a move, the youths will be encouraged to go into farming through this pageant and at the end, a lot of prizes will be won and the grand finale will witness the winner take home, the Hyundai Creta SUV Jeep as the “Goldmine Face of Agriculture 2017”.

“If all the youths currently roaming the streets and women embrace agriculture by cultivating a small hectare of land; planting even vegetables, it will go a long way to solve their problems”.

“In an experiment where we invited youths for a sensitization workshop on agriculture, very few of them showed up. So we decided to call them again for an entertainment show and the hall was jam packed and we used the opportunity to preach the gospel of “go back to the farm” to them. It was there we discovered that entertainment and agriculture can be put together to help the youths”.

“We approached Queen Abueh, Chairperson of the Kaduna state Chapter of the Actors Guild of Nigeria, AGN. She supported us in our quest to organize the pageant to select the “1st Edition of the Goldmine Face of Agriculture”. 



The winner of the “Face of Agriculture” must be conversant with farming and should be from the ages of 18 –23 years. And, having a farmland of your own will boast the chances of each contestant”, the H2i Team leader stated.

“Again, a contestant must also possess the qualities of a queen, such as good diplomacy, beauty implanted in Nigeria culture that can enable her move around to talk to people especially young men and women on the need to go back to the farm”, she emphasized.

On what is expected in terms of the number of participants and where the target audience is focused upon, the H2i Team Leader stated; “we are expecting 36 contestants from the 36 States of the Federation and including the Federal Capital Territory”, she quipped.



Agriculture, according to Benevolence Michael, is a profitable venture that can turnaround the fortune of the country and that may be impossible if the women and youth are not encouraged to participate in the project; and that is the aim of the programme.

FOR MORE INFORMATION ON SALES OF FORMS, INTENDING PARTICIPANTS SHOULD VISIT www.h2iteamgoldmine.org ; CALL 08087512512 ;  FACEBOOK: FACE OF AGRICULTURE




Courtesy: [ naijnewsalert ] 

Thursday, November 17, 2016

Kaduna Fashion Show: Its Philosophy, Prospect, And 2016 Calendar



Bringing style and glamour, the Kaduna Fashion Week is an event  first of its kind.  It is aimed at encouraging upcoming designers in the state and Nigeria at large. It's motive is to bring alive the dying African Culture here in Nigeria.  Also it was created to aware the Nigerian Youth in entrepreneurship and skill acquisition. It is set up to create a dynamic and innovative Nigerian Fashion industry. 
A key component of the Kaduna Fashion Week is the Kaduna Fashion Show (KFS) designed to support our state's young,  up and coming designers,  in a view to create a collection in other to encourage them to become spontaneous designers.  It presents a multitude of opportunities and experience. 
The founder of the KFS Kanga Mercy stated that the ideal from the start is to have a platform to discover new creative Fashion design 10th-  11th December 2016.



        The Fashion Show

It is a yearly event showcasing the most prestigious fashion brands in Kaduna
State. Our goal is to create a powerful marketing, branding and sales platform for the participating companies, inside and outside Kaduna State and Nigeria at large.


The KADUNA FASHION SHOW is a youth organization working since 2015, used for providing platform to youth. Fashion show is an event to promote youth & thus contributing to our goal as an organization. 
When & Where
10th-11th of December 2016
Venue: Dew of Hermon event center barnawa, kaduna. 
Latest event information: www.facebook.com/kadunafashionweek



Intention
Fashion Shows have always been glamorous events which boost visibility and promotion of brands associated. Fashion shows provide platform to creative designers to display their art and equal opportunity to models to showcase their talent, boosting their confidence.
This event will open vast opportunities for young designers & models. THE FASHION SHOW is also an effort to bring together best talents from the different design institutes of Kaduna.
Format of ‘THE FASHION SHOW’
This event is a theme based fashion show of Western, Bridal, Save Environment and Kaduna 2020.  All with the use of African fabrics to create them.
Awards at the closing ceremony will be Best Design, Best Model Male,
Best Model Female.


1. Selection of Designs
A total of ….. Design institutions will be the participants of the event. Types of designs to be displayed are mainly African Fabrics (Ankara).
2. Screening of Models
Models will be invited from places in and around Kaduna. They will be screened by a panel of judges. Only 30 models [15 male & 15 female] will be selected for walking ramp in the fashion show.
These models will showcase the designs by the young designers.
Date: 11th of December 2016

3. THE FASHION SHOW night
Fashion show will be hosted by professionals and judged by Heads of Institutions participating in event. Fashion show will have glamour with music and huge number of attendees.
After all rounds of ramp walk, our judges will announce the winners for best design, best model male & best model female.
Special Attraction of the event
Star Guest – ‘CEO SAHARA FASHION’



WHY SPONSOR
Business sponsorship is a major source of funding for many events as more and more companies have discovered this to be a powerful marketing tool. Building and strengthening your company brand through effective visibility is one of the key essentials in business strategy. To be effective, sponsorship of any event must serve the interest of four constituent groups:
1. It must serve the business interest of the sponsoring company
2. It must serve the best interests of the event and its participants
3. It must have a positive impact upon the sponsor’s direct consumers
4. It must benefit the consumers who use the products or services
Keeping in mind the above points we have laid down our efforts towards achieving the same.
Marketing and Media Campaign:
The thrust of every business is the amount of awareness it has in the market. The below laid plan will provide maximum visibility for your company in the promotion of the event.



THE WORKFORCE
Workforce of Kfw –: Our organization has active volunteers which are recrers and to nurture them in having a sustainable fashion brand and become future employers of Labor. 
8th of October 2016 was the Second Edition of the #KFS  Model Casting. It was set to screen and cast models whom will walk the runway at this year's edition of the #KFS.



For more informations please visit website: www. kadunafashionweek. com facebook: www. facebook. com/kadunafashionweek ig: @kadunafashionwk or call the following numbers 08039427982, 07032984598, 08187972197, 081693266008


Sunday, November 6, 2016

Video: Rural Farmers Supports Closure Of Border

Rural farmers are optimistic that the Buhari lead administration's agricultural policies will change the mono-economy revenue system in Nigeria.
Speaking to our correspondent, Mr. YAKUBU is of the opinion that the closure of border on rice and other agricultural produce will at the long term creates jobs and increase farming production in Nigeria.
Most rural farmers have been on the deficit side of production over the years as imported consumables have forced local produce to sale below production cost. This has been a major factor for rural-urban migration within the Nigerian states.




Video: https://t.co/anLzYoVdPT

Tutee, Nigeria Fast Rising Star Released 'FRIENDZONE'


De Brownest Music Presents Nigerian fast rising versatile Afro-pop singing
sensation, performer and song writer Tutee, who’s real names are Gerald
Gabriel, hails from kaduna state with degree in chemistry at ABU Zaria.



Tutee is a new dude on the block with lots to offer and his style “Patois”
is on point. 

Tutiano as fans love to call him came through on this new
much awaited infectious Afro beat Puffy Tee produced single titled “Friend Zone”, mixed and mastered by Indomix.



Video was directed by Patrick
Elis Films with location in Nigeria and Kenya which promises to rock
speakers and airwaves across Africa and Europe.




Download Video
https://youtu.be/AKSEigP-Mxo

Download audio
http://notjustok.com/2016/09/16/video-tutee-friend-zone/181823

Thursday, October 20, 2016

Kaduna upholds religious freedoms and all constitutional rights- Samuel Aruwan



A text of a press briefing by Samuel Aruwan. 

The Kaduna State Government wishes to reiterate its respect for the right of every resident to practise the religion of their choice. As it has often stated, the government has a duty to uphold fundamental rights and the security of everyone. This involves ensuring that nobody or group exercises their rights in ways that restrict the rights of others or subjects them to danger, distress or the diminution of their humanity. 

Every resident of Kaduna State is free to practise the religion of their choice. This is a fundamental, constitutional right. The freedoms that are so guaranteed by the constitution, including that of worship, thought, association, and movement are enshrined in Sections 38 and 40, and their exercise is limited only by considerations that they do not infringe on the rights of others or constitute a danger to public order and public safety. 

It is not the place of government to assess or certify any creed. That is strictly the purview of the individual. But it is a fundamental obligation of the government to preserve security and uphold the rights of all citizens, both to practise faith and not to be imperilled or distressed by others’ exercise of faith. 

The Kaduna State Government did not, and cannot, ban any religion. At every moment, the government is guided by its duty to prevent threats to the peace and security of the state. In discharge of this obligation, it has acted to declare unlawful a specific group that continues to threaten public order in the state. The IMN was never a registered organisation and it refused to conduct itself with adherence to the laws of this state. 

Other groups in the Shia tradition are active in Nigeria. Like adherents of all other faiths, they are free to practise their creed, and like everyone else must take care not to injure the rights of others.

Kaduna State Gazette No. 21 of 7th October 2016 has declared the IMN an unlawful society. The reasons are clearly set out and the laws on which it is anchored are spelt out, mainly Section 97A of the Penal Code Law of Kaduna State and Sections 5(2) and 45(1) of the 1999 Constitution.

The Gazette noted that:
1.    The Judicial Commission of Inquiry into the clashes between the group with the appellation ‘’Islamic Movement in Nigeria’’ (IMN) and the Nigerian Army in Zaria between Saturday 12th and Monday 14th December 2015, found as facts inter alia that:

i.    The Islamic Movement in Nigeria is an unregistered society and recommended that immediate steps be taken by the Kaduna State Government to proscribe it.

ii.    The members of the movement have over the years engaged in acts of aggression and violence against individuals and communities resulting in clashes with security agencies which culminated in the recent deaths of at least 347 persons.

iii.    The Movement has constituted itself into a parallel government with a uniformed paramilitary wing in complete disregard to the Constitution and Laws of Nigeria. 

2.    The Movement has overtly continued with unlawful processions, obstruction of public highways, unauthorized occupation of public facilities including schools without regard to the rights of other citizens and the public peace and order of the State.

3.     These acts, if allowed to go unchecked will constitute danger to the peace, tranquility, harmonious coexistence and good governance of Kaduna State.

Gentlemen of the Press, these are the facts. 

There is a common law in Nigeria, and it serves to protect everyone. The law courts are the appropriate platform for any citizen to challenge any legislation or order they consider improper. No citizen or group of persons can decide to disobey a valid law, without expecting that law enforcement will do its work. The day individuals choose which law to obey and proceed to violate the laws with which they disagree and get away without any sanction, then the rule of the jungle will have triumphed.

But the Kaduna State Government insists that only law enforcement agencies have the authority to act to prevent and deter violations of the law, or to arrest violators. We have warned that mob action will not be permitted under any guise. The duty of every citizen is to report every illegal action or suspicious activity to the security agencies.

Kaduna State has suffered and endured too many calamities, triggered by persons and groups that insist on foisting their faith or political preferences on others. It is a hallmark of civilisation that every assertion of rights by a citizen is done with full acknowledgement of, and respect for the rights of other citizens. That is the norm in a free society that is anchored on the equality of persons. We have a duty to build a state that upholds lawful conduct.

Thanks for your kind attention. 

19th October, 2016, Kaduna. 

Signed

Samuel Aruwan ( Governor Nasir El-Rufai’s Spokesperson )

Transcript And Fact Check: 3rd Presidential Debate




CHRIS WALLACE

Good evening from the Thomas and Mack Center from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.  I’m Chris Wallace of Fox News. I welcome you to the third and final of the 2016 presidential debates between Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Donald J. Trump. This debate is sponsored by the Commission on Presidential Debates. The commission has designed the format, six roughly fifteen minute segments with two minute answers to the first question, then open discussion for the rest of the segment.  Both campaigns have agreed to those rules.

For the record, I decided the topics and the questions in each topic. None of the questions have been shared with the commission or candidates. The audience here in the hall has agreed to remain silent, no cheers, boos, or other interruptions, so we and you can focus on what the candidates have to say.

(APPLAUSE)

CHRIS WALLACE

No noise except right now as we welcome the Democratic nominee for president, Secretary Clinton, and the Republican nominee for president, Mr. Trump.

(APPLAUSE)

CHRIS WALLACE

Secretary Clinton, Mr. Trump, welcome. Let’s get right to it. The first topic is the Supreme Court. We -- you both talk briefly about the court in the last debate, but I want to drill down on this because the next president will almost certainly have at least one appointment and likely -- or possibly - two or three appointments which means that you will in effect determine the balance of the court for what could be the next quarter century. First of all, where do you want to see the court take the country? And secondly, what's your view on how the Constitution should be interpreted? Is -- do the founders words mean what they say, or is it a living document to be applied flexibly according to changing circumstances? In this segment, Secretary Clinton, you go first. You have two minutes.

HILLARY CLINTON

Thank you very much, Chris. And thank you UNLV for hosting us. You know, at the goings on about the Supreme Court, it really raises the central issue in this election. Namely, what kind of country are we going to be? What kind of opportunities will we provide for our citizens? What kind of rights will Americans have? And I feel strongly that the Supreme Court needs to stand on the side of the American people, not on the side of the powerful corporations and the wealthy. For me, that means that we need a Supreme Court that will stand up on behalf of of women's rights, on behalf of the rights of the LGBT community, that will stand up and say no to Citizens United, a decision that has undermined the election system in our country because of the way it permits dark, unaccountable money to come into our electoral system.

Citizens United gets a lot of attention, but it’s not the only case that loosened campaign finance restrictions. In 2014, the decision in McCutcheon v. FEC“struck down the aggregate limits on the amount an individual may contribute during a two-year period to all federal candidates, parties and political action committees combined,” as the FEC explains here.

When Hillary Clinton launched her presidential campaign one of the first promises she made was to support a constitutional amendment to overturn theCitizens United decision. Later in the primary, Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders said he would have a litmus test for Supreme Court justices. Later, in an interview with NPR’s Ari Shapiro, Clinton committed to nominating justices who would overturn Citizens United.  


I have major disagreements with my opponent about these issues and others that will be before the Supreme Court. But I feel that at this point in our country's history, it is important that we not reverse marriage equality, that we not reverse Roe v. Wade, that we stand up against Citizens United -- we stand up for the rights of people in the workplace. That we stand up and basically say -- the Supreme Court should represent all of us. That's how I see the court. And the kind of people that I would be looking to nominate to the court would be in the great tradition of standing up to the powerful, standing on behalf of our rights as Americans. And I look forward to having the opportunity. I would hope that the Senate would do its job and confirm the nominee that President Obama has sent to them. That's the way the Constitution fundamentally should operate. The president nominates, and then the Senate advises and consents or not.

President Obama nominated Merrick Garland, the chief judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, in March. Garland has been waiting 217 days for the Senate to act. But Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell has vowed to take no action until at least after the inauguration of the next president.

But they go forward with the process.

CHRIS WALLACE

Secretary Clinton, thank you. Mr. Trump, same question. Where do you want to see the court take the country and how do you believe the Constitution should be interpreted?

DONALD TRUMP

Well, first of all it’s great to be with you and thank you everybody. The Supreme Court - it’s what it's all about. Our country is so, just so imperative that we have the right justices. Something happened recently where Justice Ginsburg made some very, very inappropriate statements toward me and toward a tremendous number of people, many many millions of people that I represent. And she was forced to apologize. And apologize, she did. But these were statements that should have never, ever been made. 

Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg did apologize for negative remarks she made about Donald Trump, which she called “ill-advised.” An NPR story on that here.

We need a Supreme Court that in my opinion is going to uphold the Second Amendment and all amendments. But the Second Amendment, which is under absolute siege. I believe if my opponent should win this race, which I truly don't think will happen, we will have a second amendment which will be a very, very small replica of what it is right now.

Trump has repeatedly falsely claimed that Clinton would like to abolish the Second Amendment or “take your guns away.” This is not Clinton’s position, though she does favor stricter gun regulations.

But I feel that it's absolutely important that we uphold because of the fact that it is under such trauma. I feel that the justices that I am going to appoint-- and I've named 20 of them. The justices that I'm going to appoint will be pro-life. They will have a conservative bent. They will be protecting the Second Amendment. They are great scholars in all cases, and they are people of tremendous respect. They will interpret the Constitution the way the founders wanted it interpreted. And I believe that's very, very important. I don't think we should have justices appointed that decide what they want to hear It's all about the Constitution of -- and so important -- the Constitution, the way it was meant to be. And those are the people that I will appoint.

Trump has proposed more than 20 candidates for the high court, including current federal appeals court Judges William Pryor and Diane Sykes. Another person on the list is a state supreme court justice and the brother of Utah Republican Sen. Mike Lee. Trump appears to be talking about judges who consider the text of the Constitution and an idea called “originalism,” supported for decades by the late Justice Antonin Scalia.



CHRIS WALLACE

Mr. Trump, thank you. We now have about ten minutes for an open discussion. I want to focus on two issues that in fact, by the justices that you named, could end up changing the existing law of the land. First is one that you mentioned, Mr. Trump, and that is guns. Secretary Clinton, you said last year -- and let me quote, the Supreme Court is wrong on the second amendment. And now in fact, in the 2008 Heller case, the court ruled that there is a constitutional right to bear arms but a right that is reasonably limited. Those were the words of the judge Antonin Scalia who wrote the decision. What's wrong with that?

According to leaked audio from a fundraiser, Clinton did say that she felt the court was “wrong on the Second Amendment” in theHeller case. In context Clinton, as she said tonight and has said before, says she is in favor of “reasonable regulation.” She has also argued that “some of the earliest laws that were passed were about firearms.” Yet she has said “responsible gun owners have a right — I have no objection to that,” as PolitiFact has noted.

HILLARY CLINTON

Well, first of all, I support the Second Amendment. I lived in Arkansas for eighteen wonderful years. I represented upstate New York. I understand and respect the tradition of gun ownership. It goes back to the founding of our country. But I also believe that there can be and must be reasonable regulation. Because I support the Second Amendment doesn't mean that I want people who shouldn’t have guns to be able to threaten you, kill you or members of your family. And so when I think about what we need to do, we have thirty three thousand people a year who die from guns. I think we need comprehensive background checks, need to close the online loophole, close the gun show loophole. There's other matters that I think are sensible that are the kind of reforms that would make a difference that are not in any way conflicting with the Second Amendment. You mentioned the Heller decision and what I was saying that you referenced, Chris, was that I disagreed with the way the court applied the Second Amendment in that case because what the District of Columbia was trying to do was to protect toddlers from guns. And so they wanted people with guns to safely store them. And the court didn't accept that reasonable regulation, but they’ve accepted many others. So I see no conflict between saving people's lives and defending the Second Amendment.

CHRIS WALLACE

Let me bring Mr. Trump in here. The bipartisan open debate coalition got millions of votes on questions to ask here. And this was, in fact, one of the top questions that they got. How will you ensure the Second Amendment is protected? You just heard Secretary Clinton's answer. Does she persuade you, that while you may disagree on regulation, that in fact she supports the Second Amendment right to bear arms?

DONALD TRUMP

Well the D.C. versus Heller decision was very strongly and she was extremely angry about it I watched and she was very very angry when upheld and Justice Scalia was so involved and it was a well-crafted decision. But Hillary was extremely upset, extremely angry, and people that believe in the Second Amendment and believe in it very strongly were very upset with what she had to say.

CHRIS WALLACE

Let me bring in Secretary Clinton, were you extremely upset?

HILLARY CLINTON

 Well, I was upset because unfortunately dozens of toddlers injure themselves, even kill people, with guns because, unfortunately, not everyone who has loaded guns in their homes takes appropriate precautions. 

This story from May 2016 reported that 23 young children had shot people so far this year. Most of the time, children accidentally shoot themselves, but not always.

But there's no doubt that I respect the Second Amendment, that I also believe there is individual right to bear arms. That is not in conflict with sensible commonsense regulation and, you know, look, I understand that Donald's been strongly supported by the NRA; the gun lobby is on his side. They’re running millions of dollars of ads against me and I regret that, because what I would like to see is for people to come together and say, of course we're going to protect and defend the Second Amendment. But we're going to do it in a way that tries to save some of these thirty three thousand lives that we lose every year.

there is individual right to bear arms. That is not in conflict with sensible commonsense regulation and, you know, look, I understand that Donald's been strongly supported by the NRA; the gun lobby is on his side. They’re running millions of dollars of ads against me and I regret that, because what I would like to see is for people to come together and say, of course we're going to protect and defend the Second Amendment. But we're going to do it in a way that tries to save some of these thirty three thousand lives that we lose every year.

CHRIS WALLACE

Let me bring in Mr. Trump back into it because, in fact, you oppose any limits on on assault weapons, any limits on high-capacity magazines, you support a national right to carry law, why sir?

DONALD TRUMP

Well, let me just tell you before we go any further in Chicago, which has the toughest gun laws in the United States, probably you could say by far, they have more gun violence than any other city. So we have the toughest laws and you have tremendous gun violence.

Chicago has been an epicenter of gun violence and according to FBI data, homicides in that city account for a substantial proportion of a rise in violent crime. Scholars say that violence there is largely concentrated in a few neighborhoods. While Chicago does have strong gun regulations on the books, many weapons flow from other places, including Indiana, according tothis report in the Chicago Tribune.

I am a very strong supporter of the Second Amendment and I am - I don't know if Hillary was sayin g it in a sarcastic manner - but I'm very proud to have the endorsement of the NRA and it’s the earliest endorsement they’ve ever given to anybody who ran for president. So I'm very honored by all of that. We are going to appoint justices, this is the best way to help the Second Amendment. We are going to appoint justices that will feel very strongly about the Second Amendment, that will not do damage to the Second Amendment.

CHRIS WALLACE

Well, let's pick up on another issue which divides you and the justices that whoever ends up winning this election appoints can have a dramatic effect there and that's the issue of abortion. Mr. Trump you are pro-life. I would ask you specifically, do you want the court, including the justices that you will name, to overturn Roe v. Wade which includes, in fact states, a woman's right to abortion.

DONALD TRUMP

 Well, if that would happen because I am pro-life, and I will be appointing pro-life judges, I would think that that will go back to the individual states.

This has been a major reason many evangelicals and other social conservatives have cited for supporting Trump, despite the misgivings many express about his character, language and temperament. Trump has set up an advisory council of anti-abortion-rights groups in an apparent effort to reassure these voters. In the past, Trump had described himself as “pro-choice.”

CHRIS WALLACE

But I'm asking specifically would you like to -  

DONALD TRUMP

If they overturned it, it will go back to the states.

CHRIS WALLACE

But what I’m asking you sir is do you want to see the court overturn? You just said you want to the court protect the Second Amendment, do you want to see the court overturn Roe v. Wade?

DONALD TRUMP

Well, if we put another two or perhaps three justices on that’s really what’s going to be -- that will happen. That will happen automatically in my opinion because I am putting pro-life justices on the court. I will say this it will go back to the states and the states will then make a determination.

CHRIS WALLACE

Secretary Clinton.

HILLARY CLINTON

I strongly support Roe v. Wade which guarantees a constitutional right to a woman to make the most intimate, most difficult in many cases, decisions about her health care that one can imagine. And in this case is not only about Roe v. Wade. It is about what's happening right now in America. So many states are putting very stringent regulations on women that block them from exercising that choice to the extent that they are defunding Planned Parenthood, which of course, provides all kinds of cancer screenings and other benefits for women in our country. 

According to Planned Parenthood’s own numbers, about 9 percent of its services are cancer screenings. An additional 42 percent of its services go to treating sexually transmitted diseases and infections and 34 percent are contraceptive services. The organization says only 3 percent of its services are abortion-related. However, these numbers only reflect the proportion of services, not how much money is spent on those services.

Donald has said he is in favor of defunding Planned Parenthood. He even supported shutting the government down to defund Planned Parenthood. I will defend Planned Parenthood. I will defend Roe v. Wade and I will defend women's rights to make their own healthcare decisions. We have come too far to have that turn back now and indeed he said women should be punished; that there should be some form of punishment for women who obtain abortions. And I could just not be more opposed to that kind of thinking.

CHRIS WALLACE

I'm going to give you a chance respond but I want to ask you Secretary Clinton, I want to explore how far you believe the right to abortion goes. You have been quoted as saying that the fetus has no constitutional rights. You also voted against a ban on late-term partial-birth abortions. Why?

HILLARY CLINTON

Because Roe v. Wade very clearly sets out that there can be regulations on abortion so long as the life and health of the mother are taken into account. And when I voted as a senator, I did not think that that was the case. The kinds of cases that fall at the end of pregnancy are often the most heartbreaking, painful decisions for families to make. I have met with women who, toward the end of their pregnancy, get the worst news one could get that their health is in jeopardy if they continue to carry to term or that something terrible has happened or just been discovered about the pregnancy. I do not think the United States government should be stepping in and making those most personal of decisions. So you can regulate if you are doing so with the life and health of the mother taken into account.

CHRIS WALLACE

Mr. Trump your reaction and particularly on this issue of life term partial-birth abortion. 

Trump’s views on this have changed with time. In a 1999 interview, Trump said that he “hates abortion” but that he didn’t want to ban late abortion.

DONALD TRUMP

I think it's terrible if you go with what Hillary is saying in the ninth month you can take the baby and rip the baby out of the womb of the mother just prior to the birth of the baby. Now you can say that that's okay and Hillary can say that that's okay, but it's not okay with me. Because based on what she's saying and based on where she's going and where she's been, you can take the baby and rip the baby out of the womb on the ninth month on the final day. And that's not acceptable.

Very few of the millions of abortions performed each year involve dilation and extraction, which is called "partial-birth abortion" by opponents. These are abortions performed after 20 weeks. It would be extremely unusual, if it is done at all, for this kind of abortion to be done only a few days before a nine-month term is reached. Very few providers in the country still perform D&X; abortions. For more background on this type of abortion, click here.

HILLARY CLINTON

Well, that is not what happens in these cases and using that kind of scare rhetoric is just terribly unfortunate. You should meet with some of the women that I've met with - women I've known over the course of my life. This is one of the worst possible choices that any woman and her family has to make. And I do not believe the government should be making it. You know, I've had a great honor of traveling across the world on behalf of our country. I've been to countries where governments either forced women to have abortions like they used to do in China or forced women to bear children like they used to do in Romania. And I can tell you the government has no business in the decisions that women make with their families in accordance with their faith with medical advice and I will stand up for that right.

CHRIS WALLACE

All right just briefly, I want to move on to another section.

DONALD TRUMP

Honestly, nobody it has business doing what I just said, doing that as late as one or two or three or four days prior to birth. Nobody has that.

CHRIS WALLACE

All right, let's move on to the subject of immigration and there is almost no issue that separates the two of you more than the issue of immigration. Actually ,there are a lot of issues separate the two of you. Mr. Trump, you want to build a wall.Secretary Clinton you have offered no specific plan or how you want to secure our southern border.

NPR-dk-clinton-immigration Here is what Clinton proposes on immigration.

Mr. Trump, you're calling for major deportations. Secretary Clinton, you say that within your first one hundred days as president you want to offer a package that includes a pathway to citizenship. The question really is why are you right and your opponent wrong? Mr. Trump you go first in this segment you have two minutes.

DONALD TRUMP

Well, first of all she wants to give amnesty, which is a disaster and very unfair to all the people that are waiting on line for many many years.

Hillary Clinton has not proposed offering amnesty to immigrants in the U.S. illegally. Her immigration platform says she would defend and expand President Obama’s executive action of November 2014. His actions, thwarted by federal courts, would protect an estimated 5 million such immigrants and parents from deportation and offer them renewable work permits, not citizenship. Amnesty is different. Ronald Reagan’s 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act legalized and ultimately granted citizenship to immigrants in the country illegally who met certain criteria.

We need strong borders. In the audience tonight we have four mothers of, I mean these are unbelievable people that I’ve gotten to know over a period of years, whose children have been killed, brutally killed, by people that came into the country illegally. You have thousands of mothers and fathers and relatives all over the country. They are coming in illegally. Drugs are pouring in through the border. We have no country if we have no border. Hillary wants to give amnesty she wants to have open borders. The border secure as you know the border patrol agents sixteen thousand five hundred plus, ICE endorsed me. First time they've ever endorsed a candidate.

A union of immigration and customs enforcement officersendorsed Trump in September, not the federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement bureau.

And it means their job is tougher. But they know what's going on they know it today than anybody. They want strong borders. They feel we have to have strong borders. I was up in New Hampshire the other day the biggest complaint they have with all of the problems going on in the world, many of the problems caused by Hillary Clinton and by Barack Obama, all of the problems their single biggest problem, is heroine that pours across our southern borders just pouring and destroying their youth.

The Drug Enforcement Administration says the threat posed by heroin in the United States has increased since 2007. Heroin is available in larger quantities, used by a larger number of people, and is causing an increasing number of overdose deaths. In 2014, 10,574 Americansdied from heroin-related overdoses, more than triple the number in 2010.

It's poisoning the blood of their youth and plenty of other people.

We have to have strong borders. We have to keep the drugs out of our country. We are right now we’re getting the drugs, they're getting the cash we need strong borders. We need absolute - we cannot give amnesty. Now, I want to build a wall. We need the wall the border patrol, ICE, they all want the wall.

The National Border Patrol Council and the National Immigration and Customs Enforcement Council have both endorsed Trump, but neither union publicly agrees with his plan to build “an impenetrable and beautiful wall” separating the U.S. and Mexico. As noted above, the National Immigration and Customs Enforcement Council is a union, not the federal bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

Jon Anfinsen, Border Patrol union steward in Del Rio, Texas, told NPR: “I know the union has expressed to him that there are places where it [a border wall] absolutely is necessary. But there are other places where it's just not feasible. A lot of the area, it's hilly or the terrain just would not support it. We have a lot of private land."

We stopped the drugs we shore up the border. One of my first acts will be to get all of the drug lords, all of the bad ones, we have some bad bad people in this country that have to go out. Were going to get them out we're going to secure the border and once the border is secure at a later date we will make its determination as to the rest.But we have some bad hombres here that were going to get them out.

Border Patrol apprehensions along the Southwest border with Mexico rose 23 percent in the fiscal year that ended Sept. 30 but remain lower than the two previous years and are 75 percent below the level in 2000. Apprehensions are considered a rough proxy for attempted border crossings. Immigrants from Central America — including families and unaccompanied children — now outnumber Mexicans in attempting to cross the border without authorization. The Pew Research Center reports more Mexicans left the U.S. than entered between 2009 and 2014.

Deportations increased during Obama’s first four years in office, peaking in 2012 at nearly 410,000. Since then, deportations have been dropping, reaching a low of 235,000 last year. Since 2014, the administration has focused on deporting recent arrivals and criminals, with fewer deportations of longtime residents whose only crime was crossing the border. In all, about 2.8 million people have been deported under Obama.

CHRIS WALLACE

Mr. Trump thank you, same question to you Secretary Clinton, basically why are you right and Mr. Trump is wrong?

HILLARY CLINTON

As he was talking I was thinking about it young girl he met here in Las Vegas, Carla, who was very worried that her parents might he be deported because she was born in this country but they were not. They work hard, they do everything they can to get give her a good life. And you're right. I don't want to rip families apart. I don't want to be sending parents away from children. I don't want to see the deportation force that Donald has talked about in action in our country. We have eleven million undocumented people. They have four million American citizen children. Fifteen million people. He said as recently as a few weeks ago in Phoenix that every undocumented person will be subject to deportation. 

In his Phoenix speech of Aug. 31, Trump said: “Day one, my first hour in office, those people are gone. And you can call it deported if you want. … They're gone.” But he wasn’t referring to the estimated 11 million immigrants in the country illegally. He has dropped mass deportations from his recent speeches. Trump vowed to aggressively remove the “2 million criminal aliens inside of our country.”

Now here's what that means -- it needs you would have to have a massive law enforcement presence where law enforcement officers would be going school to school, home to home, business to business rounding up people who are undocumented and we would then have to put them on trains, on buses to get them out of our country.

ICE issued a letter in 2011 laying out the “sensitive locations” where federal immigration officers are not supposed to round up immigrants. These include schools, hospitals and churches.

If Trump becomes president, he will have to change ICE guidelines to send them into schools.

I think that is an idea that is not in keeping with who we are as a nation. I think it's an idea that would rip our country apart. I have been for border security for years. I voted for border security in the United States Senate and my comprehensive immigration reform plan of course include border security. But I want to put our resources where I think they're most needed. Getting rid of any violent person, anybody who should be deported, we should deport them. When it comes to the wall that Donald talks about building, he went to Mexico, he had a meeting with Mexican President - didn't even raise it, he choked, and then he got into a Twitter war because the Mexican president said we’re not paying for that wall. So I think we are both a nation of immigrants and we are a nation of laws and that we can act accordingly and that's why I am introducing comprehensive immigration reform within the first hundred days with a path to citizenship.

CHRIS WALLACE

Thank you Secretary Clinton, I want to follow-up -  

DONALD TRUMP

Chris, I think it, I think I should respond. First of all I had a very good meeting with the president of Mexico, very nice man, we will be doing very much better with Mexico on trade deals believe me. TheNAFTA deal signed by her husband is one of the worst deals ever made of any kind of signed by anybody.

NAFTA was not signed by President Clinton. It was signed by his predecessor, the first President Bush.

It's a disaster. 

Most studies show NAFTA had a relatively small impact on the economy. "NAFTA did not cause the huge job losses feared by the critics or the large economic gains predicted by supporters. The net overall effect of NAFTA on the U.S. economy appears to have been relatively modest,”according to the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service.

Hillary Clinton wanted the wall. Hillary Clinton fought for the wall. In 2006 or thereabouts. Now she never gets anything done so naturally the wall wasn't built, but Hillary Clinton wanted the wall.

CHRIS WALLACE

But let me, wait. Sir, let me -

(CROSSTALK)

CHRIS WALLACE

No wait, I'd like to hear from Secretary Clinton.

HILLARY CLINTON

I voted for border security and there are some limited places where that was appropriate there also is necessarily going to be a technology and how best to deploy that.

When Hillary Clinton was a senator she voted for the Secure Fence Act of 2006. The goal was to decrease illegal immigration and illegal drugs by erecting 700 miles of fencing along the 2,000-mile Southern border. The Congressional Research Service reported in April 2015 that more than 650 miles of the border wall had been completed, including pedestrian fencing and vehicle barriers.

But it is clear when you look at what Donald has been proposing he started his campaign bashing immigrants, calling Mexican immigrants rapists and criminals and drug dealers, that he has a very different view about what we should do to deal with immigrants. Now what I am also arguing is that bringing undocumented immigrants out from the shadows, putting them into the formal economy will be good because employers can’t exploit them and undercut Americans wages and Donald knows a lot about this. He's undocumented labor to build the Trump Tower. He underpaid undocumented workers and when they complained, he basically said what a lot of employers do - you complain I’ll get you deported.     

In 1980, a contractor working for Trump hired Polish workers in the country illegally to clear the site on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan where Trump Tower would later be built. The contractor was later fined $570,000 by federal regulators. Trump has repeatedly claimed he was unaware the workers were in the country illegally, and the truth remains somewhat murky. But some published reports have suggested Trump not only knew about the workers’ status but instigated their hiring. There were also reports that he threatened to turn the workers in to immigration authorities after some complained about work conditions.

I want to get everybody out of the shadows get the economy working and not let employers like Donald exploit undocumented workers, which hurts them but also hurts American workers.

CHRIS WALLACE

Mr. Trump.

DONALD TRUMP

President Obama has moved millions of people out. Nobody knows about it, nobody talks about it, but under Obama, millions of people have been moved out of this country they’ve been deported she does want to say that but that's what happened. And that's what's happened big-league.

Trump is correct that deportations have increased under the Obama administration, which has brought Obama criticism from within his own party. While Trump has attacked the Obama administration’s immigration policy as “weak,” some of his own ideas mirror the current policy, including an emphasis on deporting immigrants in the country illegally who’ve committed crimes.

As far as moving these people out and moving we either have a country or we don't. We’re a country of laws, we either have a border or we don't. Now, you could come back in and you can become a citizen but it's very unfair. We have millions of people that did the right way they’re online they’re waiting we’re going to speed up the process big league because it's very inefficient. But they're online and they’re waiting to become citizens. Very unfair that somebody runs across the border becomes a citizen under her plan you have open borders you would have a disaster on trade and you will have a disaster with your open borders. But what she doesn't say is that President Obama has deported millions and millions of people just the way it is.

Deportations increased during Obama’s first four years in office, peaking in 2012 at nearly 410,000. Since then, deportations have been dropping, reaching a low of 235,000 last year. Since 2014, the administration has focused on deporting recent arrivals and criminals, with fewer deportations of longtime residents whose only crime was crossing the border. In all, about 2.8 million people have been deported under Obama.

CHRIS WALLACE

Secretary Clinton -

HILLARY CLINTON

We will not have open borders. That is a rank mischaracterization. We will have secure borders but we will also have reform and this used to be a bipartisan issue. Ronald Reagan was the last president to sign immigration reform and George W. Bush supported it as well.

CHRIS WALLACE

Secretary Clinton, I want to clear up your position on this issue because in a speech you gave to a Brazilian bank, for which you were paid $225,000, we’ve learned from the Wikileaks that you said this, and I want to quote “My dream is a hemispheric common market with open trade and open borders,” so that is the question.

DONALD TRUMP

Thank you.

CHRIS WALLACE

That is the question, please quiet everybody. Is that your dream, open borders?

HILLARY CLINTON

Well, if you went on to read the rest of the sentence, I was talking about energy.

Here is what she said, per WikiLeaks: “My dream is a hemispheric common market, with open trade and open borders, sometime in the future with energy that is as green and sustainable as we can get it, powering growth and opportunity for every person in the hemisphere.” Fact-checks have debated what exactly this means. While Clinton’s campaign says it’s about energy, reasonable people have disagreed. PolitiFact cited people who said they believed it referred to both trade and immigration. FactCheck.org, meanwhile, believed it “was related to trade, not immigration.” However one interprets this, it is also true that Clinton has not called for “open borders” as a policy during this campaign.

You know, we trade more energy with our neighbors then we trade with rest of the world combined and I do want us to have an electric grid, an energy system that crosses borders, I think I would be a great benefit to us. But you are very clearly quoting from Wikileaks and what is important about that is that the Russian government has engaged in espionage against Americans. They have hacked American websites, American accounts of private people, of institutions, then they have given that information to WikiLeaks for the purpose of putting it on the Internet. This has come from the highest levels of the Russian government clearly from Putin himself.

U.S. intelligence agencies have not called out Russian President Vladimir Putin by name. But an Oct. 7 statement issued by the director of national intelligence and the Department of Homeland Security said this: “We believe, based on the scope and sensitivity of these efforts, that only Russia's senior-most officials could have authorized these activities.”

In an effort, as seventeen of our intelligence agencies have confirmed, to influence our election. I actually think the most important question of this evening, Chris, is finally, will Donald Trump admit and condemn that the Russians are doing this and make it clear that he will not have the help of Putin in this election, that he rejects Russian espionage against Americans, which he actually encouraged in the past. Those are the questions we need answered. We had never had anything like this happen in any of our elections before.



Source: NPR Politics